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Text Elements

Guest 虚拟地址空间 ^e5KAL5gF

外设虚拟地址 ^XjVa88pf

os kernel 虚拟地址 ^wiuN5Z73

应用进程 0 ^v2cd8xkN

应用进程 1 ^IpnyV22L

内核空间页表 ^GXrbBugd

MMU
Stage 1 ^YDe1LCmN

用户空间页表 ^jrA3aVgg

用户空间页表 ^W8vMOEtN

Guest 物理地址空间 ^r837sCND

外设物理地址 ^OYZ4IQLj

存储器地址 ^OATEiGVt

DDR 内存地址 ^jJc6Ar6t

TTBR1_EL1 ^4qOg0jc3

IPA ^jVgMHbdg

STAGE2 页表 ^STqdBf8Q

MMU
stage 2 ^nX2UvRIZ

硬件真实物理地址空间 ^2rQ1EQ5M

外设物理地址 ^KPnW2rZd

DDR地址 ^ud7420mT

存储器地址 ^Pls2KE7T

外设地址 ^lI1tKuZJ

PA ^a05eMCWR

VTTBR_EL2 ^POroFeBj

va ^qypTCItN

va ^AZQ0VgAj

va ^kAfQFSTS

va ^9MSt4GvV

%%

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Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy

  • SW Architecture P33

  • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/96d80c64dbf311f8d79277994825dbb6.png) P33
    fboot or sboot. 管理container load/unload. container 权限管理等.
    fboot 运行在otp中(2k)


  • Why Zephyr? P34

  • Multiple Roots Background P35

  • Multiple Roots of Trust P40

    • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/84c56876778776f5568310d414f1df82.png) P48
      1.


      • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/2f029f49a3f964c02f4244b074f52359.png) P48

        1. netlist key 是在rtl 网表中, 开芯片时, 只能写一次, 同一批芯片的netlist key 是相同的, 该key pair 会同步给产线, 产线使用该key, 使用fboot container 来写otp, 并使用该key 连同trng 使用uuid算法生成uuid, 并生成unique key/pair (这个key 应该是master root)

      • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/11725c4547173771b39816e56b9207bd.png) P48
        应该是unique key/pair, 由fboot container 生成, fboot container 是由uart/jtag等方式送进sram里的程序, 在产线阶段otp 全空时, 需要使用fboot container 生成key及uuid.
        同一时间, 只会有一个container在运行


  • Secure Application Management & the Secure Boot Use Case P50

  • HW Architecture P7

    • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/f5aa37d2f6448e604e86088e116b9869.png) P7
      OTP 器件选型由我们完成, 但是需要遵守规范, 大小需要是4k, offset 也应该是固定的, 不然 fboot (otp) 无法引导. apb 内存地址映射应该是需要同rambus 规范是一致的, 写的逻辑需要我们自己实现, 但按规定应该符合示例代码的要求, 只不过是在示例代码之外, 需要加上开关高压的逻辑


      • Secure Application containers executed P57

        secure application 也需要实现otp写的逻辑, 额外需要控制开关高压


        • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/1e1f284ea1f006cb512e64c06afd9269.png) P33

          • OTP HW Driver P33

            额外需要控制开关高压, 来驱动otp 写的能力


    • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/40649749881c263fb209b87daddfacff.png) P7
      FMC 管理otp root table中高权限位相关权限, 该ip会自己从otp table中读取相应的权限位, 对应高权限级别(如是否可以派生key, 是否可以抹除root key)等. 是由硬件控制, 软件通过gpio 写feature list(对应这些高权限级别)来说是无效的, 软件只能设置对应低权限级别的feature list.


  • Provisioning and Personalization P51

    • Design Stage Security: SoC Netlist Root Establishment (Birth Keys) P52

      • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/9003b0f54b59b76f316af45cb1d980a7.png) P52

        • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/39237a14cba2c544f84a50130da91dca.png) P52
          netlist key 是有两组, 一个是非对称的keypair, 但存在网表里的只是 public key的hash, 一个是对称的pnak(aes keysplit)


        • Netlist Public Key (Hash of key stored in netlist) P52

          • Netlist Public Key used to verify perso container signature signed by the netlist private key (Secured by container author) P52

            netlist priv/pub key是由我们持有, 将pub key hash? 写到网表后, 再给到产线. 而fboot container 是由netlist priv key 签名的, fboot container 的固件中带有 netlist pubkey , 由rambus的bootrom 读fboot container的pubkey, 算hash, 与rtl 网表里存的hash 对照是否一致, 如果一致再使用该pubkey 校验fboot container, 校验通过才能load 该container


            • Perso Containers are pushed to RT-6xx, RT-6xx verifies the fboot container either by PNAK/HMAC key or Netlist Public Key P55

              可选的, fboot container 可以由 netlist pub key校验, 也可以通过 pnak / hmac key校验


      • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/52cd9f0264cbc3be81ba1b46899d3989.png) P52
        推荐由hsm 生成pnak 和 netlist priv/pub key pair


    • Fboot Container Explanation P53

      • Note that once a root and its related permissions have been programmed to OTP, the Perso root can be disabled via a bit in OTP P53

        master root key (unique keypair ) 和其权限位写完后, netlist key就能被禁用了, 通过master root的oblimite 位写1来禁用netlist key root


  • RT-6xx OTP Format for Device Serialization P54

    • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/8bed3bd137fba1aab3aab97376755930.png) P54

      • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/fad4769fc459609c4981db12e43dd0d8.png) P54
        netlist key 通过trng 派生出的unique keypair (provision阶段)


        • DGOK (Device Generated OTP Memory Keysplit) is a unique key, generated during perso stage P54

      • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/aa27f4bee1fcd506a1739293073ddc4a.png) P54

        • Device specific keys are typically used as input contribution to Key Derivation Functions. P23

          uuid 作为输入, 和trng一起作为派生DGOK的输入


    • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/a5caef743e1104062e4d357ce30940df.png) P54

      • Application keys can be generated from DGOK via the KDC (Key Derivation Core) P54

        unique key(DGOK) 可以用来派生其他的root key


      • Software has no visibility to DGOK P54

    • Manufacturing Personalization P55

      • The Device-ID, Device Generated Public Keys and other data can be hashed and encrypted with PNAK derived keys and pushed to an external database P55

        uuid(Device ID) DGOK 和其他数据可以通过pnak派生的对称密钥加密, 加密后的数据上传到外部服务器


  • T-6xx Lifecycle Stages P57

    • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/dfdb3ad3db962cf2358e4a81406dbe5a.png) P57

      • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/4b777a18fd6221af2ace670e1a9600a6.png) P57

  • Provisioning Environment P58

    • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/8d8797ea8af276b678badf2254be85a6.png) P58

      • ![image](Rambus Security RT-6xx Root Policy/2ae11d375a0a6fe849c0d2b81e9f95cc.png) P58

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mkdir riscv_build
export CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-mti-linux-gnu- ARCH=riscv
make defconfig O=riscv_build
make -j12
make install O=riscv_build

上述默认为动态编译

如果需要静态编译

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make menuconfig O=riscv_build

Location:
-> Busybox Settings
-> Build Options
[*] Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs)

融合动态库

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#riscv_build/_install 为 busybox 等生成的目录
rsync -rl <toolchain_path>/sysroot/riscv/ _install/ #融合系统目录

# 生成 init
cd _install
ln -s bin/busybox init

# 删除 _install 下的所有 *.o *.a 文件, 缩小体积
cd _install
find . -type f -name "*. O" | xargs rm -f
find . -type f -name "*. A" | xargs rm -f

生成 cpiogz 最终文件

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把 install.sh 拷过来放到 riscv_build下
执行 ./install.sh

install.sh 脚本内容

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#!/bin/bash
sudo rm -rf rootfs
mkdir rootfs
cd rootfs

cp -r ../_install/* .
mkdir dev usr bin sbin lib etc proc tmp sys var root mnt
cd etc
cat > inittab <<- EOF
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
::respawn:-/bin/login
::restart:/sbin/init
::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a
EOF

cat > profile <<- EOF
# /etc/profile: system-wide .profile file for the Bourne shells
echo
# echo -n "Processing /etc/profile..."
# no-op
# Set search library path
# echo "Set search library path in /etc/profile"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib
# Set user path
# echo "Set user path in /etc/profile"
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
export PATH
# Set PS1
# Note: In addition to the SHELL variable, ash supports \u, \h, \W, \$, \!, \n, \w, \nnn (octal numbers corresponding to ASCII characters)
# And \e[xx;xxm (color effects), etc.
# Also add an extra '\' in front of it!
# echo "Set PS1 in /etc/profile"
export PS1="\\e[00;32m[$USER@\\w\\a]\\$\\e[00;34m"
# echo "Done"
alias ll='ls -al'
EOF


cat > fstab <<- EOF
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0
mdev /dev tmpfs defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
EOF

cat > passwd <<- EOF
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh
EOF

cat > group <<- EOF
root:x:0:root
EOF

cat > shadow <<- EOF
root:4rs6NCNMjYULk:19366:0:99999:7:::
EOF

mkdir init.d
cd init.d

cat > rcS <<- EOF
#! /bin/sh
#echo "----------mount all"
/bin/mount -a
#echo "----------Starting mdev......"
#/bin/echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
mdev -s
echo "********************************************************"
echo " mini Rootfs"
echo "********************************************************"
EOF

cd ../../dev
sudo mknod -m 666 console c 5 1
sudo mknod -m 666 null c 1 3
cd ../

sudo chmod 777 etc/init.d/rcS

ln -s bin/busybox init
cd ../
sudo chown -R root:root rootfs
cd rootfs
find .| cpio -o -H newc | gzip > ../busybox_rootfs.cpio.gz

qemu 命令行:

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./qemu-system-riscv64 \
-M boston-aia-iommu \
-cpu king-v -m 4G \
-bios u-boot-spl \
-device e1000e,netdev=net0 \
-netdev user,id=net0 \
-nographic \
-trace "riscv_iommu_*" \
-trace "e1000e_tx_descr" \
-D logtrace.txt \
-gdb tcp::10000 -S

再开一个shell 终端, 启动gdb

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riscv64-mti-linux-gnu-gdb \
-ex "target remote :10000" \
-ex "set pagination off" \
-ex "restore u-boot.bin binary 0x80200000" \
-ex "restore fw_dynamic.bin binary 0x80000000" \
-ex "restore wave,boston-riscv.dtb binary 0x81000000" \
-ex "restore initrd.img binary 0x88200000" \
-ex "restore Image binary 0x84000000" \
-ex "restore wave,boston-king-v.dtb binary 0x88000000" \
-ex "c"

secureboot 版本ota

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cd /home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/image;
cp kernel_recovery-dst.bin /home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/ota/allpackage/nand/kernel_recovery
cp kernel-dst.bin /home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/ota/allpackage/nand/kernel
cp uboot-dst.bin /home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/ota/allpackage/nand/uboot
cd -;
rm -rf out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/image/ota && \
cd out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/ota/ota_package_maker/; /home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/host/usr/bin/python -m otapackage --otamode="fullpkg" --output=/home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/image/ota --imgpath=/home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/ota/allpackage --configpath=/home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/packages/updater/ota_package_maker/example/config --publickey=/home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/device/halley5/security/releasekey.x509.pem --privatekey=/home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/device/halley5/security/releasekey.pk8 --singlepkg=no;cd - && \
cd out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/image/ota;7zr a ota-package -r global.xml nand sha1Tab VERSION;cd -

system 编译规则 ubifs

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chown -h -R 0:0 /home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/buildroot-intermediate/build/buildroot-fs/ubifs/target
chown -h -R 1000:1000 '/home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/buildroot-intermediate/build/buildroot-fs/ubifs/target//var/run/dbus'
chown -h -R 1001:1001 '/home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/buildroot-intermediate/build/buildroot-fs/ubifs/target//var/empty'
/home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/buildroot-intermediate/host/bin/makedevs -d /home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/buildroot-intermediate/build/buildroot-fs/full_devices_table.txt /home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/buildroot-intermediate/build/buildroot-fs/ubifs/target

/home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/buildroot-intermediate/host/sbin/mkfs.ubifs -d /home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/buildroot-intermediate/build/buildroot-fs/ubifs/target -e 0x1f000 -c 2048 -m 0x800 -x lzo -o /home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/buildroot-intermediate/images/rootfs.ubifs

制作userdata ubifs

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sudo chown -R root:root data
/home/liguang/program/junzheng_sdk/sdk/out/product/halley5.v20_nand_4.4.94_ota-userdebug/obj/buildroot-intermediate/host/sbin/mkfs.ubifs -d data -e 0x1f000 -c 2048 -m 0x800 -x lzo -o userdata.ubifs

完全替换

当前 fpga 默认已经更换为 sd 卡启动.
如果还想通过 gdb 的方式启动到 ramdisk 下的 kernel, 需要在本地做如下修改:

config/boards/kingv/<project>/u-boot/hexintek_kingv_fpga_defconfig
#CONFIG_GDB_LOAD is not set 修改为 CONFIG_GDB_LOAD=y

config/boards/kingv/<project>/linux/hexintek_kingv_fpga_defconfig
wave,boston-king-v.dts 中的
bootargs 修改为 root=/dev/ram init=/linuxrc earlycon console=ttyS0,115200n8

修改完后
clean_uboot
build_all

最后将生成的 install/soc_kingv_<>/u-boot 下的 u-boot-spl 和 u-boot.bin 拷贝到 fpga 上即可.

上述方式方便替换完整的启动链路 spl u-boot opensbi kernel kernel-dtb

部分替换

如果只需要修改部分文件,
如修改到了 kernel 或 kernel 的 dts 或者 ramdisk.
可以先起 gdb, 即 riscv64-mti-linux-gnu-gdb.exe -ex "target remote :2331"
通过 gdb load kernel 到 0x84000000, 或 load dts 到 0x88000000 或 load ramdisk 到 0x88200000

可以在启动到 u-boot 命令行时, 打断 autoboot, 在 autoboot 2 秒延时内, 在 console 中输入任意字符, 进入 u-boot 的命令行.
直接启动:
booti 0x84000000 - 0x88000000

如果只修改了 dts 或 ramdisk, 则不需要 gdb load kernel, 只要在 u-boot 命令行中输入:
fatload mmc 0:3 0x84000000 Image; booti 0x84000000 - 0x88000000;

这种方式比 gdb load kernel 少了加载 kernel 的时间, 而 sd 卡 load kernel 是非常快的, 便于快速的测试.

windows 上烧录

首先启动 wsl
在终端下
切换到 ubuntu2204

sd 卡插到电脑上后:
在 powershell 中执行

这个地方 busid 1-1 为 sd 卡的识别号
执行
ub 1-1
ua 1-1

再 ul 查看下, sd 卡变为 attach 状态

切换到 wsl ubuntu2204

dmesg 查看下 sd 卡的设备节点:


观察到 sd 卡的设备节点为 /dev/sdc

先将 sdcard.img 拷贝过来(速度比在 d 盘下快一点)

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cp /mnt/d/<path...>/sdcard.img .
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# 第一个参数为 sd卡的设备节点, 这里为/dev/sdc
# 第二个参数为 sdcard.img 的路径
flash.sh /dev/sdc sdcard.img


执行完后如图:

执行完后, 第 4 个分区目前会被扩到 64G (resize2fs 有点慢, 这里只截到 64G, 有需要的可以改到 sd 卡大小)

最后, 可以 mount 第四个分区修改 rootfs
mount /dev/sdc4 <mnt_dir>

可以 mount 第三个分区替换 kernel 及 kernel 使用的 dtb 文件

最终修改完后, 不要忘记切回到 powershell
执行
ud 1-1
断开 sd 卡同 wsl ubuntu 的链接

最后的最后, 需要请成都实验室同学帮忙把 sd 卡拔出, 重新插回到 fpga 上.
上电即可.

u-boot 编译

U-boot 切换到 cpu-linux-sdk-fpga-bootchain-dev 分支

在 u-boot 根目录下

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# fw_dynamic.bin path 为 opensbi 为kingv 生成的 fw_dynamic.bin的绝对路径
# <opensbi_root_path>/build/platform/king-v/firmware/fw_dynamic.bin
export OPENSBI=<fw_dynamic.bin path>
mkdir build
make boston-king-v_defconfig O=build -j4

编译出的产物有:

build/u-boot.itb 包含 opensbi u-boot.bin 和 fdt
build/spl/u-boot-spl

sd 卡镜像制作

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modprobe nbd
qemu-img create -f qcow2 image.qcow2 1G
sudo qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 image.qcow2
sudo sgdisk -g --clear -a 1 \
--new=1:34:2081 --change-name=1:spl --typecode=1:5B193300-FC78-40CD-8002-E86C45580B47 \
--new=2:2082:10273 --change-name=2:uboot --typecode=2:2E54B353-1271-4842-806F-E436D6AF6985 \
--new=3:16384:282623 --change-name=3:boot --typecode=3:0x8300 \
/dev/nbd0
sudo dd if=<payload.bin> of=/dev/nbd0p2 "将u-boot.itb 拷贝到sd卡的第二个分区"
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/nbd0p3
sudo mount /dev/nbd0p3 <mnt_dir>
cp Image wave,boston-kingv.dtb <mnt_dir> "Image 为 kernel 编译出的 <build>/arch/riscv/boot/Image, dtb 为kernel 用的dtb"
sudo umount <mnt_dir>
sudo qemu-nbd --disconnect /dev/nbd0

qemu 启动

v8.0.50-mti-dev 分支

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mkdir build
cd build
../configure --target-list=riscv64-softmmu
make -j12

产物为

build/qemu-system-riscv64

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QEMU=<qemu_root_path>/build/qemu-system-riscv64
SDCARD_IMG=<image.qcow2 path>
ROOTFS=<rootfs path>
SPL=<u-boot_root_path>/build/spl/u-boot-spl

$QEMU
-M boston-aia \
-cpu king-v \
-m 2G \
-bios $SPL \
-drive file=$SDCARD_IMG,if=sd \
-hda $ROOTFS \
-nographic

sdcard 在 spi 总线上 load, 在 load kernel 时比较慢, 大概等待 10s 左右才能启动到 kernel

U-boot 启动 cmd

booti 方式启动kernel

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ext4load mmc 0:3 ${kernel_addr_r} Image;
ext4load mmc 0:3 ${fdt_addr_r} wave,boston-king-v.dtb;
booti ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r};

windows 上扩充分区

因为内网往 fpga 上传输文件速度比较慢, 建议 sdcard.img 尽量小.
烧录完 sdcard.img 后, 再进行手动扩充分区.

因成都实验室只有 windows 的环境, 这里只介绍 windows 如何扩展分区.
linux 上操作比较简单, 有需要的同学可以参考 visionfive2 的扩分区流程.’’

首先, 先介绍下烧录流程, 以下操作均需要管理员权限, 请联系 chares 或 roger 切换到管理员账户后再进行操作.

打开 balenaEtcher

  1. 选择从内网拷贝过来的 sdcard.img (最好将 sdcard.img 拷贝到 D 盘的某个路径下, 不要在 shares 目录下直接操作)
  2. 选择 sd 卡, 需要先让成都实验室的同事将 sd 卡从 fpga 上拔下来, 插到电脑上( 拔 sd 卡前需要先将 fpga 下电, 即执行 pwr_off.bat)
  3. 点击烧录

注意, 在到烧录完成后, 走到校验进度条的时候把 balenaEtcher 关掉(右上角关闭按钮, 退出该软件)

如果不管的话, 一直让这个软件走完, 最后它会把 sd 卡 remove, 这就需要请成都实验室的同事重新插拔下 sd 卡, 比较麻烦
在校验阶段退出的话, 就不会 remove, 可以接着执行下面的扩充操作.

打开终端 (windows terminal)的下拉框, 点击 cygwin, 启动cygwin
执行下面的命令

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/sbin/cfdisk /dev/sdc

首先特别注意到执行该命令后, 一定一定一定要检查操作的设备是 sd 卡, /dev/sdc 的设备节点对应的设备是 sd 卡
千万别弄错了, 把本地磁盘给重做分区, 后果自负!

可以观察分区格式如下:

windows 上烧录 sd 卡及扩充分区

生成的 sdcard.img 在 install/soc_kingv_<>/genimage/sdcard.img
因为内网往 fpga 上传输文件速度比较慢, 所以这里做出的 sdcard.img 尽量小. 在烧录完 sdcard.img 后, 需要进行手动扩充分区操作.

因成都实验室只有 windows 的环境, 这里只介绍 windows 如何扩展分区.
linux 上操作比较简单, 有需要的同学可以参考 visionfive2 的扩分区流程.

首先, 先介绍下烧录流程, 以下操作均需要管理员权限, 请联系 chares 或 roger 切换到管理员账户后再进行操作.

打开 balenaEtcher

  1. 选择从内网拷贝过来的 sdcard.img (最好将 sdcard.img 拷贝到 D 盘的某个路径下, 不要在 shares 目录下直接操作)
  2. 选择 sd 卡, 需要先让成都实验室的同事将 sd 卡从 fpga 上拔下来, 插到电脑上( 拔 sd 卡前需要先将 fpga 下电, 即执行 pwr_off.bat)
  3. 点击烧录

注意, 在到烧录完成后, 走到校验进度条的时候把 balenaEtcher 关掉(右上角关闭按钮, 退出该软件)

如果不管的话, 一直让这个软件走完, 最后它会把 sd 卡 remove, 这就需要请成都实验室的同事重新插拔下 sd 卡, 比较麻烦
在校验阶段退出的话, 就不会 remove, 可以接着执行下面的扩充操作.

打开终端 (windows terminal)的下拉框, 点击 cygwin, 启动 cygwin
执行下面的命令

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/sbin/cfdisk /dev/sdc

首先特别注意到执行该命令后, 一定一定一定要检查操作的设备是 sd 卡, /dev/sdc 的设备节点对应的设备是 sd 卡
千万别弄错了, 把本地磁盘给重做分区, 后果自负!

可以观察分区格式如下:

选择 resize, 填充到

u-boot 编译

U-boot 切换到 cpu-linux-sdk-fpga-bootchain-dev 分支

在 u-boot 根目录下

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# fw_dynamic.bin path 为 opensbi 为kingv 生成的 fw_dynamic.bin的绝对路径
# <opensbi_root_path>/build/platform/king-v/firmware/fw_dynamic.bin
export OPENSBI=<fw_dynamic.bin path>
mkdir build
make boston-king-v_defconfig O=build -j4

编译出的产物有:

build/u-boot.itb 包含 opensbi u-boot.bin 和 fdt
build/spl/u-boot-spl

sd 卡镜像制作

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modprobe nbd
qemu-img create -f qcow2 image.qcow2 1G
sudo qemu-nbd --connect=/dev/nbd0 image.qcow2
sudo sgdisk -g --clear -a 1 \
--new=1:34:2081 --change-name=1:spl --typecode=1:5B193300-FC78-40CD-8002-E86C45580B47 \
--new=2:2082:10273 --change-name=2:uboot --typecode=2:2E54B353-1271-4842-806F-E436D6AF6985 \
--new=3:16384:282623 --change-name=3:boot --typecode=3:0x8300 \
/dev/nbd0
sudo dd if=<payload.bin> of=/dev/nbd0p2 "将u-boot.itb 拷贝到sd卡的第二个分区"
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/nbd0p3
sudo mount /dev/nbd0p3 <mnt_dir>
cp Image wave,boston-kingv.dtb <mnt_dir> "Image 为 kernel 编译出的 <build>/arch/riscv/boot/Image, dtb 为kernel 用的dtb"
sudo umount <mnt_dir>
sudo qemu-nbd --disconnect /dev/nbd0

qemu 启动

v8.0.50-mti-dev 分支

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mkdir build
cd build
../configure --target-list=riscv64-softmmu
make -j12

产物为

build/qemu-system-riscv64

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QEMU=<qemu_root_path>/build/qemu-system-riscv64
SDCARD_IMG=<image.qcow2 path>
ROOTFS=<rootfs path>
SPL=<u-boot_root_path>/build/spl/u-boot-spl

$QEMU
-M boston-aia \
-cpu king-v \
-m 2G \
-bios $SPL \
-drive file=$SDCARD_IMG,if=sd \
-hda $ROOTFS \
-nographic

sdcard 在 spi 总线上 load, 在 load kernel 时比较慢, 大概等待 10s 左右才能启动到 kernel

U-boot 启动 cmd

booti 方式启动kernel

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ext4load mmc 0:3 ${kernel_addr_r} Image;
ext4load mmc 0:3 ${fdt_addr_r} wave,boston-king-v.dtb;
booti ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r};

  1. kvm 内存隔离功能是在哪个平台上做的, 修改点是哪些 (简单实现, kvm 陷入时物理地址清 0)
  2. 桥接网络的原理, tap 设备的原理, tap 设备网络收发包的流程 (x), vhost-net, net 模块增加网络报文加密功能的改动点
  3. 大概讲一下虚拟磁盘加密的方案, 在哪一层处理的, virtio-blk 前后端的改动. (blk-queue 的加密)
  4. 讲一下 qemu-kvm 内存虚拟化的相关流程, qemu/kvm 下的相关数据结构, 发生 guest page fault 时的处理流程.
  5. 虚拟机备份迁移 (只说了 qcow2 的快照, 讲的不是很清楚)
  6. 硬件虚拟化方案, arm 芯片级的虚拟化相关的验证 case 涉及到哪些, 具体涉及到哪些方面的验证. (x)
  7. kvm 模式下 guest os 重启, 会触发哪些 event, 需要陷入到 kvm 进行处理, qemu-kvm 需要做哪些事情配合 guest os 完成重启?
  8. guest os 挂死, 无异常 log, 怎样 debug 定位到具体的问题发生点 (log guest panic)
  • 定位 guest os 挂死的 gva, 怎样看 gva 是属于哪个进程的, 怎样查进程的地址空间.
  • 如果 guest 死在了用户空间, 怎么在 guest 已经挂死的情况下查 guest 进程的地址 mapping.
  • 怎样拿到 guest os 的挂死的堆栈.
  • 怎样确定是否是 qemu-kvm 的异常导致了 guest os 挂死.
  • guest os vcpu 不进行调度, 应该怎么分析 (x)
  1. qemu-kvm 框架下, guest kernel 中断启用/触发/处理的流程, 做没做过中断直通 (外设直通), 没做过的话, 大概讲一下虚拟中断的流程, 如做过中断直通, 请讲一下中断直通场景下上述流程是什么样的. (未做过设备直通, 虚拟中断只说了大概)

  2. 有没有做过虚拟化的 vfio SR-ROV iommu

  3. iommu 的中断重映射机制, DMA 重映射机制

  4. 有没有 TEE 的开发经验, 讲一下 TEE 的流程. (x) 基于虚拟化的安全隔离 (仅使用过)

  5. 用过哪些 debug 的工具, 虚拟化模式下常用的 debug 方法有哪些, 发生内存踩踏, 多线程导致的数据踩踏应该怎样定位. guest 发生死锁应该如何定位, 在没有现场时应该怎样处理. (内核态 race_condition, 不好确定) 解决了哪些 guest kvm crash 的 bug, 挑一个案例讲下怎么解决的.

  6. 只做过 x86 的虚拟化 VMX

  7. 稳定性方面调优一般, 未讲的很清楚 debugfs coredump 内核打印 dmesg 堆栈, 未深入处理过 guest kernel 稳定性问题

面试小结:
虚拟化方面大概了解 X86 的 qemu-kvm 框架, 对一些框架流程性的问题能讲个大概.
做过 virtio-blk 前后端的磁盘数据加密, 但对 kvm 调试改动的经验不多
没有深入处理过 guest kernel 稳定性问题, 只处理过类似 guest kernel panic 有明确异常信息栈的经验
没有设备直通 (中断直通 vfio iommu SR-ROV 等)相关的工作经验
处理的虚拟化方面的问题范围比较窄, 不了解 vcpu 的调度
处理稳定性问题只是靠比较传统的打点, 缩窄复现范围, gdb 调试等直接分析手段, 没有借助工具分析离线场景的经验
Kernel 整体不是很熟, 只有驱动开发的经验.
缺乏芯片级开发验证相关的工作经验

  1. 桥接网络的原理, tap 设备的原理, tap 设备网络收发包的流程, vhost-net, net 模块增加网络报文加密功能的改动点
  2. PCIE 设备的发现, 注册流程, PCIE 设备的中断资源是怎样分配的? PCIE 设备中断注册/启用/触发的流程.
  3. virtio-net、virtio-blk 硬件卸载系统方案
  4. GICv3/v4 中关于虚拟化的部分, 硅前硅后的验证有哪些, 设计了哪些 case. 讲一下中断注入/中断直通的流程?
  5. 讲一下 qemu-kvm 内存虚拟化的相关流程, qemu/kvm 下的相关数据结构, 发生 guest page fault 时的处理流程.
  6. 虚拟机冷迁移/热迁移原理.
  7. 硬件虚拟化方案, arm 芯片级的虚拟化相关的验证 case 涉及到哪些, 具体涉及到哪些方面的验证.
  8. Kvm 模式下 guest os 重启, 会触发哪些 event, 需要陷入到 kvm 进行处理, qemu-kvm 需要做哪些事情配合 guest os 完成重启?
  9. Guest os 挂死, 无异常 log, 怎样 debug 定位到具体的问题发生点 (log guest panic)
  • 场景: guest 用户态进程某系统调用发生了 crash (偶现问题), 应该怎样分析. 需要测试人员提供哪些信息.
  • 怎样确定是否是 qemu-kvm 的异常导致了 guest os 挂死.
  • Guest os vcpu 不进行调度, 应该怎么分析
  1. Qemu-kvm 框架下, guest kernel 中断启用/触发/处理的流程, 做没做过中断直通 (外设直通), 没做过的话, 大概讲一下虚拟中断的流程, 如做过中断直通, 请讲一下中断直通场景下上述流程是什么样的.
  2. vfio iommu 的适配, iommu 驱动需要哪些流程适配 vfio 完成设备的直通. (大概清楚)
  3. Iommu 的中断重映射机制 (msi 重映射), DMA 重映射机制, iommu 地址访问异常时怎么处理的 (), iommu 设备表进程表页表的查询流程. (smmu 查表过程大概清楚)
  4. 有没有 TEE 的开发经验, 讲一下 TEE 的流程. 基于虚拟化的安全隔离
  5. 用过哪些 debug 的工具, 虚拟化模式下常用的 debug 方法有哪些, 发生内存踩踏, 多线程导致的数据踩踏应该怎样定位. Guest 发生死锁应该如何定位, 在没有现场时应该怎样处理. (内核态 race_condition, 不好确定) 解决了哪些 guest kvm crash 的 bug, 挑一个案例讲下怎么解决的.

arm n2 虚拟化
ACS 测试套件

面试小结

虚拟化方面大概了解 X86 arm 的 qemu-kvm 框架, 对一些框架流程性的问题能讲个大概.
arm neoverse n2 服务器系列硅前规划, 未涉及量产产品的维护
外设直通方面的经验仅做过 x86 的维护, 没有外设直通的开发经验.
对中断子系统不是很熟.
有 arm smmu 和 amd iommu 的使用经验, 开发和调试经验不足.
稳定性方面水平一般.

面试小结

智能座舱

VFIO 直通
iommu
寒武纪 biren arm smmu 性能/ 验证/具体 case SR-ROV driver 跑
热迁移主要是 qemu 端工作, 内存, gpu vfio
driver 相关稳定性问题
中断直通 vcpu, its hypervisor vcpu doorbell vcpu its cmd, virq 中断. 中断 remap.
vcpu 调度过程 qemu-kvm thread.
linux cfs
内存虚拟化

trustzone 没有 ATF context switch SMC, 华为基站 rtos, mmu driver, gic
secureboot 流程, ARMv7 armv8 opentee

cfs cpu burst bus controller

阿里云指纹支付, 云端, ca -> ta , 派生 key.

性能实时性要求不能满足要求.
acon

uefi

面试小结:

多款 iommu 产品开发, 包括前期验证和产品维护工作, 有设备直通开发经验.
虚拟化方面开发经验比较多, 涉猎多个虚拟化方案.
做过手机终端和云上产品, 汽车智能驾驶相关的虚拟化产品.
有 trustzone, tee os 框架开发工作经验.
对操作系统也比较熟.